Methods Used to Study Protein Structure

Researchers use complementary experimental and computational methods to investigate protein structure and function.

• X-ray crystallography: Provides information about atomic arrangements in crystallized proteins.

• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Helps characterize protein structures and molecular dynamics, particularly in solution.

• Cryo-electron microscopy: Enables structural investigation of large proteins and macromolecular complexes.

• Mass spectrometry: Supports protein identification, characterization, and the analysis of certain molecular modifications.

• Computational modeling: Helps predict protein structures and investigate possible molecular interactions.

Combining these techniques can provide a more comprehensive understanding of protein properties and biological mechanisms.